Portable generators play a crucial role in many situations. Perhaps many households have such a backup home generator stored away, yet never have the chance to use it. However, it is vital to learn how to start a generator in advance. When an emergency arises—such as a power outage—it will be too late to figure it out. Don’t worry – starting a generator is actually quite simple once you know the steps.
This easy guide will walk you through the entire process. We’ll cover how to start your generator safely, what to do if it won’t start, and how to keep it running smoothly. Whether you’re using it for the first time or need a quick refresher, this guide has you covered.
Pre-Start Checklist: Safety First!
Before you even think about starting your generator, there are some important safety steps you must follow. Skipping these could lead to dangerous situations.
Choose the Right Location
This might be the most important rule: always run your generator outside. Never use it in your garage, shed, or even with the door open. Generators produce carbon monoxide – a gas you can’t see or smell that can be deadly. Keep it at least 20 feet away from your home, windows, and doors.
Check the Surface
Place your generator on a dry, flat surface. This prevents it from tipping over and stops fuel spills. If the ground is wet, put down a piece of plywood first to keep the generator dry.
Fuel Check
Make sure you have enough of the right type of fuel. Most small generators use regular gasoline, but some use diesel or propane. Check your manual to be sure. Never use old gasoline that’s been sitting around for months – this is the number one reason generators won’t start.
Oil Level
Just like a car engine, your generator needs oil to run. Check the oil level using the dipstick. If it’s low, add the type of oil recommended in your manual. Most new generators have a safety feature that prevents them from starting if the oil is too low.
Disconnect Everything
Make sure all cords are unplugged from the generator before you start it. Starting with nothing plugged in gives the engine a chance to warm up properly.
Universal Steps to Start Most Generators
Now for the main event! Follow these steps to start most standard generators. If your manual has different instructions, always follow those first.
Step 1: Turn On the Fuel
Find the fuel valve – it’s usually a small lever near where the fuel line connects to the engine. Turn it to the “ON” position. This lets fuel flow to the engine.
Step 2: Use the Choke
The choke helps the engine start when it’s cold. Move the choke lever to “CLOSED” or “START.” If the engine is already warm (like if you just turned it off and need to restart it), you might not need the choke.
Step 3: Turn On the Engine Switch
Find the engine switch – it might be a simple on/off switch or a key. Turn it to the “ON” position. Some electric start models might have a separate battery switch that also needs to be turned on.
Step 4: Start the Engine
Here’s where it gets different depending on your generator type:
For pull-start models (with a cord):
Hold the generator steady with one hand. With the other hand, pull the starter cord slowly until you feel resistance. Then pull it quickly and firmly. Don’t yank it violently or let the cord snap back – pull straight out and guide it back gently. If it doesn’t start after 2-3 pulls, wait a minute and try again.
For electric-start models (with a key or button):
Simply turn the key or push the electric start button. The engine should crank and start. If it doesn’t start after 5-6 seconds, stop and wait a minute before trying again.
Step 5: Adjust the Choke
Once the engine starts, let it run for about 30 seconds. Then gradually move the choke lever to “OPEN” or “RUN.” The engine should smooth out and run steadily. If it sounds like it might stall, move the choke back toward “CLOSED” for another 30 seconds before trying again.
How to Start a Generator for the First Time
Starting a brand new generator requires a few extra steps. Think of this as the “break-in” period that helps your generator last longer.
Assembly
Most generators need some basic assembly. This usually means attaching the wheels and handle. Follow the instructions that came with your generator – you’ll typically just need basic tools like a wrench or screwdriver.
Add Oil and Fuel
New generators don’t come with oil or fuel. You’ll need to add both. Check your manual for the specific type and amount of oil needed. Pour it in slowly and check the dipstick frequently to avoid overfilling.
Then add fresh fuel. Don’t use gas that’s been sitting in your garage for months – get fresh fuel from the gas station.
The Break-In Period
Your generator’s manual will have specific break-in instructions. Usually, this means running the generator with a medium load (like a few lights and a fan) for the first few hours. Don’t run it at full power right away. This gentle break-in helps the engine parts settle in properly and can extend your generator’s life.
What to Do When Your Generator Won’t Start
It’s frustrating when your generator refuses to start, especially when you need it most. Here are some common problems and how to fix them.
The Engine Cranks But Won’t Start
If you hear the engine trying to turn over but it won’t catch:
- Check that the fuel valve is turned on
- Make sure you have enough fuel
- Check that the choke is in the right position
- If you’ve been trying for a while, the engine might be flooded. Turn everything off and wait 15 minutes before trying again
No Sound When You Try to Start
If nothing happens when you pull the cord or turn the key:
- Make sure the engine switch is in the “ON” position
- Check that any circuit breakers on the generator are reset
- For electric start models, the battery might be dead. You may need to charge it or use the pull-cord instead
Starts Then Dies
If the engine starts but then sputters out:
- This is often caused by old or bad fuel
- The carburetor might be clogged from sitting with old gas
- Try fresh fuel first. If that doesn’t work, you might need to have the carburetor cleaned
Quick Troubleshooting Tips
Remember the three things every engine needs: fuel, spark, and air. If your generator won’t start, one of these is probably missing. Check for fresh fuel first, then consider if the air filter is clogged. Spark plug issues are less common but can happen.
FAQs
Why won’t my generator start after sitting all winter?
This is almost always because of old gasoline. Gasoline starts to break down after about 30 days and can clog the fuel system. Always add fuel stabilizer if you’re storing your generator, or drain the fuel completely before storing.
Why does my generator produce smoke when starting?
A small amount of smoke is normal during cold starts, especially if the choke was used. However, continuous smoke could indicate oil leaks, overfilling, or engine problems that need attention.
Can I connect my generator directly to my home’s electrical system?
Only if you have a professionally installed transfer switch. Never plug a generator directly into a wall outlet – this can create a serious fire hazard and endanger utility workers.
How do I calculate what size generator I need?
Add up the wattage of all appliances you want to run simultaneously, then add 20-25% as a safety margin. Remember that some appliances require extra power for startup.
How often should I start the generator when I’m not using it?
It’s good to start it every few months and let it run for 10-15 minutes. This keeps the engine lubricated and prevents fuel system problems.
What maintenance does my generator need?
Regular maintenance includes: oil changes every 50-100 hours of use, air filter cleaning/replacement, spark plug inspection, and fuel system maintenance. Always refer to your owner’s manual for specific intervals.
Conclusion
Practice starting your generator before you actually need it. Pick a nice day and go through the steps until you feel comfortable. This way, when a power outage happens, you won’t be trying to read instructions in the dark. Your generator is a powerful tool, and now you have the knowledge to use it safely and effectively.
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